From a 3.3 V or 5 V pin
| Pin | Verdict | Why | In free air |
|---|---|---|---|
| ESP32 · 3.3 V | Not guaranteed | nothing guaranteed below 4.5 V | — |
| Arduino Uno · 5 V | Works | RDS(on) at most 5.3 Ω guaranteed from 4.5 V | 183 mA (heat) |
In free air at 25 °C, with the junction 25 °C below its 150 °C maximum and θJA 313 °C/W, at the guaranteed RDS(on) raised with temperature.
Specifications
| Type | N-channel MOSFET |
|---|---|
| Package | TO-92 |
| Maximum voltage | 60 V |
| Maximum current | 200 mA |
| Threshold VGS(th) | 0.8 … 3 V |
| RDS(on), maximum | 5.3 Ω at 4.5 V (75 mA) · 5 Ω at 10 V (500 mA) |
| Gate voltage limit | ±20 V |
| Thermal resistance | θJA 313 °C/W |
| Maximum junction temperature | 150 °C |
| Datasheet used | onsemi |
Pinout
| Pin | Function |
|---|---|
| 1 | Source |
| 2 | Gate |
| 3 | Drain |
Flat face toward you, leads down: pin 1 is on the left. This is the straight-lead version; onsemi’s lead-formed version (case 135AR) is gate, source, drain.
Similar parts
| Part | Package | RDS(on) at 3.3 V | RDS(on) at 5 V | Max voltage | Max current |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2N7000 | TO-92 | no | 5.3 Ω | 60 V | 200 mA |
| BS170 | TO-92 | no | no | 60 V | 500 mA |
| AO3400A | SOT-23 | 48 mΩ | 32 mΩ | 30 V | 5.7 A |
| Si2302 | SOT-23 | 75 mΩ | 57 mΩ | 20 V | 2.6 A |
| IRLML6344 | SOT-23 | 37 mΩ | 29 mΩ | 30 V | 5 A |
| IRLZ44N | TO-220 | no | 25 mΩ | 55 V | 47 A |
| IRLB8721 | TO-220 | no | 16 mΩ | 30 V | 62 A |
| IRF520 | TO-220 | no | no | 100 V | 9.2 A |
| IRF540N | TO-220 | no | no | 100 V | 33 A |
Tips
Keep the 10 kΩ from gate to ground: while the microcontroller boots its pins float and the MOSFET could turn on by itself.
Every coil needs a flyback diode across it, cathode to the positive supply. Without it the voltage spike at turn-off can destroy the transistor at the first switching.
Open the calculator →Check the 2N7000 with your own load, supply, PWM frequency and temperature.
Other transistors
2N2222A 2N3904 BC547 S8050 TIP120 BS170 AO3400A Si2302 IRLML6344 IRLZ44N IRLB8721 IRF520 IRF540N AO3401A IRF9540N
Frequently asked questions
Does the 2N7000 work with a 3.3 V ESP32?
Not reliably: the threshold is at most 3 V, but RDS(on) is guaranteed only from 4.5 V. It may switch small currents, nothing more is promised. Use a MOSFET guaranteed at 2.5 V such as the AO3400A.
How much current can the 2N7000 switch without a heatsink?
About 183 mA from a 5 V Arduino pin, in free air at 25 °C, keeping the junction 25 °C below its 150 °C maximum (limit: heat).
What is the 2N7000 pinout?
TO-92: 1 source, 2 gate, 3 drain. Flat face toward you, leads down: pin 1 is on the left. This is the straight-lead version; onsemi’s lead-formed version (case 135AR) is gate, source, drain.
Source of the figures: onsemi datasheet (PDF)